Booster Vaccine in Indonesia
Booster vaccine is a part of covid-19 vaccine who given to people which is already got complete dose of primary vaccine. Based on the official website of the BPOM (2022), The BPOM has officially approved six COVID-19 vaccines that can be used as boosters or homologous continued doses (booster vaccines are the same as primary vaccines) and heterologous (booster vaccines are different from primary vaccines). The type vaccines are Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen (J&J), and the Sinopharm vaccine. The booster dose is given through two mechanisms, namely Homolog and Heterolog. Homologous is the administration of a booster dose using the same type of vaccine as the complete primary dose previously obtained. Meanwhile Heterologist gave a booster dose by using a different type of vaccine from the complete primary dose vaccine that was previously obtained.
Pfizer and Moderna are messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines. Both were developed with a relatively new type of vaccine technology and work by giving instructions to human cells to make the SARS-CoV-2 protein (Dwinanda, R, 2022). In a study from Discovery Health, a South African insurance company, found two doses of Pfizer to be 70% effective against Omicron. Note the effectiveness of the vaccine in addition to fighting the original, alpha, beta, delta variants, it can also fight severe disease and hospitalization by omicron. Meanwhile, moderna experienced a decrease in antibodies against Omicron nine times compared to the previous variant. However, Boosters must still be carried out and an important note so that antibodies increase higher.
Based on the official website of the World Health Organization, The AstraZeneca vaccine is not a live virus vaccine, therefore it is biologically and clinically unlikely to pose a risk to a nursing child. A third dose or booster vaccine of AstraZeneca given at least six months after the second dose can increase antibodies sixfold and maintain a T-cell response. The AstraZeneca booster vaccine can be given to recipients of two doses of vaccine with different types of vaccine (non-AstraZeneca). The durability of protection provided by this mixed vaccination is comparable to that of mRNA vaccines. People with immunosuppression (weakened immune system) who receive mixed vaccinations may develop a stronger immune response.
Sinovac is a vaccine produced by the Chinese biopharmaceutical company Sinovac BioTech. The vaccine, which has another name CoronaVac, is a type of whole virus vaccine that uses the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. The inactivated virus can no longer infect the body, but can trigger the formation of immunity in our body (Nafizahni, M, 2021). Research says Sinovac can reduce or reduce the risk of up to 94 percent of developing symptomatic COVID-19 in individuals who receive the full vaccine or two doses on days 28 to 63 days after the second dose.
From the explanation above, the use of booster vaccines must be adjusted to the previous covid vaccines. The composition of heterologous vaccine types has different doses. The booster dose regimen that can be given is if the main vaccine is Sinovac, the booster vaccine can use 3 types of vaccines, including half-dose of AstraZeneca (0.25 ml), half-dose of Pfizer (0.15 ml), and full-dose of Moderna (0.5 ml). Then, if the main vaccine is AstraZeneca, the booster can use half-dose of Moderna vaccine (0.25 ml), half-dose of Pfizer vaccine (0.15 ml), and full-dose of AstraZeneca vaccine (0.5 ml). Then, if the main vaccine is Pfizer, for a booster use the full-dose of Pfizer vaccine (0.3 ml), half-dose of Moderna (0.25 ml), and the full-dose of AstraZeneca (0.5 ml). Then, if the main vaccine is Moderna, for a booster use half-dose of Moderna (0.25 ml). Basically, all vaccines that have entered Indonesia have been tested and have a distribution permit from BPOM, so as a community there is no need to panic and believe in inaccurate news.
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